A Study of Friction Factor for Flow in Gravel Bed Channels
For many years practicing engineers have faced the problem of predicting the resistance to flow in channels with rough surface. Flow in channel is a complex interaction between surface...
Effect of Gas Flow on Physical Absorption
Air blowing over a liquid surface can greatly increase the rate of physical absorption of a gaseous component. This increase is associated with the initiation of waves and a change in...
Formation of Droplets from Bursting Bubbles at an Air-Water Interface
The breakup of an air bubble at a still water surface leads to the formation of two distinct droplet families known respectively as film drops and jet drops. The former are the tiny fragments...
The Effect of Surface Films on Concentration Fluctuations Close to a Gas/Liquid Interface
Modeling of gas/liquid mass transport requires knowledge concerning the behavior of near-surface concentration fluctuations at clean and film-covered gas/liquid interfaces. Previous measurements...
Properties of Small-Scale Waves in Sheared Gas-Liquid Flows
Small wind-generated waves are examined theoretically and experimentally in a small laboratory flow system, at conditions close to neutral stability in an attempt to better characterize...
Surface Renewal Due to Large Flow Structures in Open Channel Flow
It is shown that under certain flow conditions, surface renewal cannot be understood as an exclusive result of the bursting occurring near the wall, as proposed by several authors. Flow...
A Fluorescence Technique to Measure Concentration Gradients near an Interface
A new fluorescence technique which measures the concentration profile in a mass transfer boundary layer is described. It uses a tracer whose fluorescent intensity is inversely proportional...
Tracer Gas Transfer Technique for Shallow Bays
Developmental field tests using propane and Rhodamine WT tracers were conducted to adapt the tracer gas method for use in shallow bays. A special injection box was built to prevent mixing...
From Mean Fluxes to a Detailed Experimental Investigation of the Gas Transfer Process
Three new experimental techniques are discussed which allow a much more detailed investigation of the gas transfer process than any previous techniques. Using heat as a proxy tracer for...
Airborne Remote Sensing of Breaking Waves with Implications for Gas Exchange
It is shown that airborne remote sensing can potentially relate gas mixing effects within a temporally evolving breaking wave to relectivity changes, and can identify the intensity of...
Methane Tracer Technique for Gas Transfer at Hydraulic Structures
Using a simple headspace gas chromatographic technique, gas transfer at several hydraulic structures were investigated. Naturally occurring methane was used as a tracer gas to measure...
Gas Transfer Velocities and Radar Backscatter from the Water Surface
Gas transfer velocities of sulfur hexafluoride, methane, and nitrous oxide were determined in two different wind-wave tanks and related to friction velocity and radar backscatter from...
Characteristics of Low-Slope Streams that Affect O2 Transfer Rates
Multiple-regression techniques were used to derive the reaeration coefficients estimating equation for low sloped streams: K2 = 3.83 MBAS-0.41...
Carbon Dioxide Pressure in Surface Waters of Canadian Lakes
Direct measurements of the partial pressure (pCO2) of carbon dioxide were made in lakes of three study areas: ELA (the Experimental Lakes Area) and...
Epilimnetic Dissolved Oxygen Content and Surface Water Pump Performance
Surface water pumps have been operated and monitored at TVA's Douglas Dam since 1987. The purpose of these pumps is to improve the dissolved oxygen (DO) content of the hydropower...
Correlation of Fractional Foam Coverage with Gas Transport Rates
Because breaking waves are believed to increase the flux of gases across the air/sea interface, it may be possible to correlate air/sea gas transport velocities with whitecap coverage....
Structure of the Drift Current Observed Below Capillary-Gravity Waves
Measurements by laser-Doppler velocimeter were performed in a wind-wave tank to investigate the structure of the water surface boundary layer under capillary-gravity wind waves in the...
Wavelets and Air-Sea Transfer
Newly acquired insight into the mechanism of air-sea momentum transfer has also resolved some long-standing questions on air-sea transfer of gases of low diffusivity. Sharp-crested wavelets...
Turbulence Level Below the Waves and Its Relation to Absorption
A review of recent experimental studies carried out on gas transfer at water surfaces in various situations shows that the absorption coefficient is better related to the turbulence level...
Water Surface Flow and Exchange Induced by a Bubble Plume
Aeration is a common method to increase dissolved oxygen in the water of stratified (or non-stratified) lakes. In this method compressed air is injected at some depth, and gas is transferred...
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